664 research outputs found
The Emerging Nature of Participation in Multispecies Interaction Design
Interactive technology has become integral part of daily life for both humans and animals, with animals often interacting with technologized environments on behalf of humans. For some, animals' participation in the design process is essential to design technology that can adequately support their activities. For others, animals' inability to understand and control design activities inevitably stands in the way of multispecies participatory practices. Here, we consider the essential elements of participation within interspecies interactions and illustrate its emergence, in spite of contextual constraints and asymmetries. To move beyond anthropomorphic notions of participation, and consequent anthropocentric practices, we propose a broader participatory model based on indexical semiosis, volition and choice; and we highlight dimensions that could define inclusive participatory practices more resilient to the diversity of understandings and goals among part-taking agents, and better able to account for the contribution of diverse, multispecies agents in interaction design and beyond
Tracing large-scale structures in circumstellar disks with ALMA
Planets are supposed to form in circumstellar disks. The gravitational
potential of a planet perturbs the disk and leads to characteristic structures,
i.e. spiral waves and gaps, in the disk's density profile. We perform a
large-scale parameter study of the observability of these planet-induced
structures in circumstellar disks with ALMA. On the basis of HD and MHD
simulations, we calculated the disk temperature structure and (sub)mm images of
these systems. These were used to derive simulated ALMA images. Because
appropriate objects are frequent in Taurus, we focused on a distance of 140pc
and a declination of 20{\deg}. The explored range of star-disk-planet
configurations consists of 6 HD simulations (including magnetic fields and
different planet masses), 9 disk sizes, 15 total disk masses, 6 different
central stars, and two different grain size distributions. On almost all scales
and in particular down to a scale of a few AU, ALMA is able to trace disk
structures induced by planet-disk interaction or by the influence of magnetic
fields on the wavelength range between 0.4 and 2.0mm. In most cases, the
optimum angular resolution is limited by the sensitivity. However, within the
range of typical masses of protoplanetary disks (0.1-0.001Msun) the disk mass
has a minor impact on the observability. It is possible to resolve disks down
to 2.67e-6Msun and trace gaps induced by a planet with M_p/M_s = 0.001 in disks
with 2.67e-4Msun with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than three. The central
star has a major impact on the observability of gaps, as well as the considered
maximum grainsize of the dust in the disk. In general, it is more likely to
trace planet-induced gaps in our MHD models, because gaps are wider in the
presence of magnetic fields. We also find that zonal flows resulting from MRI
create gap-like structures in the disk's re-emission radiation, which are
observable with ALMA.Comment: 17 pages, 21 figure
Planet-induced disk structures: A comparison between (sub)mm and infrared radiation
Young giant planets, which are embedded in a circumstellar disk, will
significantly perturb the disk density distribution. This effect can
potentially be used as an indirect tracer for planets. We investigate the
feasibility of observing planet-induced gaps in circumstellar disks in
scattered light. We perform 3D hydrodynamical disk simulations combined with
subsequent radiative transfer calculations in scattered light for different
star, disk, and planet configurations. The results are compared to those of a
corresponding study for the (sub)mm thermal re-emission. The feasibility of
detecting planet-induced gaps in scattered light is mainly influenced by the
optical depth of the disk and therefore by the disk size and mass.
Planet-induced gaps are in general only detectable if the photosphere of the
disks is sufficiently disturbed. Within the limitations given by the parameter
space here considered, we find that gap detection is possible in the case of
disks with masses below . Compared to the
disk mass that marks the lower Atacama Large (Sub)Millimeter Array (ALMA)
detection limit for the thermal radiation re-emitted by the disk, it is
possible to detect the same gap both in re-emission and scattered light only in
a narrow range of disk masses around ,
corresponding to of cases considered in our study.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure
Enzymhistochemische Diagnostik gastrointestinaler Motilitätsstörungen: Ein Laborleitfaden
Zusammenfassung: Die enzymhistochemischen Reaktionen für Acetylcholinesterase, Laktatdehydrogenase, Succinatdehydrogenase und Nitroxidsynthetase bilden gegenwärtig den Goldstandard zur histologischen Diagnose gastrointestinaler Motilitätsstörungen. Die Acetylcholinesterase-Reaktion stellt cholinerge Nervenfasernetze der Muscularis mucosae und Muscularis propria dar und zeigt deren Acetylcholinesterase-Aktivität an. Laktatdehydrogenase, Succinatdehydrogenase und Nitroxidsynthetase dienen komplementär der selektiven Darstellung der Nervenzellen des Plexus myentericus und submucosus. Diese enzymhistochemischen Techniken erfordern natives Gewebe, sodass der direkte Transport von der gastroenterologischen oder chirurgischen Abteilung zur Pathologie ohne Zeitverzug gewährleistet sein muss. Alternativ können die Biopsien auf Trockeneis an ein weiter entfernt gelegenes Institut versendet werden. Die hier beschriebene Laboranleitung ist über 4Jahrzehnte optimiert und verfeinert worden. Die im Labor optimierten enzymhistochemischen Reaktionen zeichnen sich durch ein höchstes Maß an Zuverlässigkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit aus. Insbesondere für eine interinstitutionelle Vergleichbarkeit der Resultate ist eine standardisierte Methodik unerlässlich. Entsprechend wird in dieser Anleitung eine detaillierte Darstellung der wichtigsten enzymhistochemischen Reaktionen zur Diagnostik gastrointestinaler Motilitätsstörungen gegebe
The clinical significance and impact of interleukin 15 on keratinocyte cell growth and migration
Chronic wounds represent a significant burden to health services and are associated with patient morbidity. Novel methods to diagnose and/or treat problematic wounds are needed. Interleukin (IL)-15 is a cytokine involved in a number of biological processes and disease states such as inflammation, healing and cancer progression. The current study explores the expression profile of IL-15 and IL-15 receptor α (IL-15Rα) in chronic wounds and its impact on keratinocytes. IL-15 and IL-15Rα expression were examined in healing and non-healing chronic wounds using qPCR and immunohistochemical analysis. The impact of recombinant IL-15 (rhIL-15) on human adult low calcium temperature (HaCaT) keratinocyte growth and migratory potential was further examined. IL-15 transcript expression was slightly, though non-significantly elevated in healing chronic wounds compared with non-healing chronic wounds. IL-15 protein staining was minimal in both subtypes of chronic wounds. By contrast, IL-15Rα transcript and protein expression were both observed to be enhanced in non-healing chronic wounds compared with healing chronic wounds. The treatment of HaCaT cells with rhIL-15 generally enhanced cell growth and promoted migration. Analysis with small molecule inhibitors suggested that the pro-migratory effect of rhIL-15 may be associated with ERK, AKT, PLCγ and FAK signalling. IL-15 may promote healing traits in keratinocytes and the differential expression of IL-15Rα is observed in chronic wounds. Together, this may imply a complex role for this interleukin in wound healing
First-Order System Least Squares and the Energetic Variational Approach for Two-Phase Flow
This paper develops a first-order system least-squares (FOSLS) formulation
for equations of two-phase flow. The main goal is to show that this
discretization, along with numerical techniques such as nested iteration,
algebraic multigrid, and adaptive local refinement, can be used to solve these
types of complex fluid flow problems. In addition, from an energetic
variational approach, it can be shown that an important quantity to preserve in
a given simulation is the energy law. We discuss the energy law and inherent
structure for two-phase flow using the Allen-Cahn interface model and indicate
how it is related to other complex fluid models, such as magnetohydrodynamics.
Finally, we show that, using the FOSLS framework, one can still satisfy the
appropriate energy law globally while using well-known numerical techniques.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures submitted to Journal of Computational Physic
Modified critical correlations close to modulated and rough surfaces
Correlation functions are sensitive to the presence of a boundary. Surface
modulations give rise to modified near surface correlations, which can be
measured by scattering probes. To determine these correlations, we develop a
perturbative calculation in deformations in height from a flat surface. The
results, combined with a renormalization group around four dimensions, are also
used to predict critical behavior near a self-affinely rough surface. We find
that a large enough roughness exponent can modify surface critical behavior.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure. Revised version as published in Phys. Rev. Lett.
86, 4596 (2001
Correlated percolation and the correlated resistor network
We present some exact results on percolation properties of the Ising model,
when the range of the percolating bonds is larger than nearest-neighbors. We
show that for a percolation range to next-nearest neighbors the percolation
threshold Tp is still equal to the Ising critical temperature Tc, and present
the phase diagram for this type of percolation. In addition, we present Monte
Carlo calculations of the finite size behavior of the correlated resistor
network defined on the Ising model. The thermal exponent t of the conductivity
that follows from it is found to be t = 0.2000 +- 0.0007. We observe no
corrections to scaling in its finite size behavior.Comment: 16 pages, REVTeX, 6 figures include
[Editorial] Migration, adult education and learning
No description supplie
Boundary critical behaviour at -axial Lifshitz points: the special transition for the case of a surface plane parallel to the modulation axes
The critical behaviour of -dimensional semi-infinite systems with
-component order parameter is studied at an -axial bulk
Lifshitz point whose wave-vector instability is isotropic in an -dimensional
subspace of . Field-theoretic renormalization group methods are
utilised to examine the special surface transition in the case where the
potential modulation axes, with , are parallel to the surface.
The resulting scaling laws for the surface critical indices are given. The
surface critical exponent , the surface crossover exponent
and related ones are determined to first order in
\epsilon=4+\case{m}{2}-d. Unlike the bulk critical exponents and the surface
critical exponents of the ordinary transition, is -dependent already
at first order in . The \Or(\epsilon) term of is
found to vanish, which implies that the difference of and
the bulk exponent is of order .Comment: 21 pages, one figure included as eps file, uses IOP style file
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